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Pereentage Of Hemorrhagic Septieemia Carrier Buffalo And Their Immunity Status At District Swat, Khyber

by Ikramul Haq | Dr. Aneela Zameer Durrani | Dr. Ayesha | Dr. Jaweria Ali Khan.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: The study was conducted in District Swat, Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa province, to study the percentage of carrier buffaloes of hemorrhagic septicemia in the region and Immune status of buffaloes. Tracheal swabs and blood were collected from 200 buffaloes slaughtered at Saidu Sharif slaughter house. The selected buffaloes were divided into four age groups, the first group had animals of two and less than two years of age, the second had animals with age of three years, the third group, five years and fourth group had animals with age of more than five years. Tracheal swabs were cultured for the isolation of Pasteurella multocida, for identification of carrier animals and blood sample were processed to determine the antibodies titer of buffaloes against Pasteurella multocida. The results showed that 8 (4%) out of total 200 examined buffaloes were identified as carriers of hemorrhagic septicemia by isolating the Pasteurella multocida from their tracheal swab. Out of 8 carrier buffaloes 4 were from group IV, 3 from Group III and 3 from group II. The percentage of carrier buffaloes in four age groups was 0%, 2%, 6% and 8% in group-I, group-II, group-III and group-IV respectively, showed that percentage of carrier buffaloes were high in group IV while lowest in group I. The Pathogenicity tests of the all 8 isolates showed that they were pathogenic to mice and cause their death within 24 hours of incubation. Serological study of blood sample for antibodies titer showed that out of 200 buffaloes 156 (78%) showed antibodies titer ?1:16 which were considered immune against hemorrhagic septicemia. Out of 156, 17 were from group-I, 46 from group-II, 46 group-III and 47 from group-IV. Percentage of immune buffaloes in different age groups was 34%, 92%, 92% and 94% in group-I, group-II, group-III and group-IV respectively. The higher number of immune animals i:e 94% were in group-IV and the lowest were in group-I i:e 34%. Results showed that all the carrier buffaloes had antibodies titer more than 1:16. The antibodies titer of the 4 carrier buffaloes were 64, 2 had 128 while 1, 1 had antibodies titer 16 and 32 respectively. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1443,T] (1).

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Epidemiology Of Major Bacterial And Parasitic Causes Of Foal Diarrhea

by Ikramul Haq (2010-VA-60) | Prof. Dr. Aneela Zameer Durrani | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Present study was carried out in District Lahore and District Sargodha, Punjab province of Pakistan, from January, 2016 to December, 2016. The study was conducted to study the prevalence of Diarrhea in foals and to identify the major viral, bacterial and parasitic causes of diarrhea in foals in these districts. The foals that passed lose feces a least 4 to 5 times a day were considered diarrheic. The results showed that the prevalence of diarrhea was 72.8% in the foals. District wise prevalence showed that the prevalence of diarrhea in foals were 73.7% in district Sargodha and were 72% in District Lahore. According to the results the prevalence of diarrhea in male foals was 74% and in female foal were 72%. The diarrhea was more prevalent in donkeys at is 76.6% as compaired to horses which was 74.5%. The viral (rotavirus), bacterial (Salmonella, Clostridium perfirengens and E. coli) and parasitic causes of diarrhea were identified by appropriate technique. The viral causes were diagnosed using ELISA technique. The bacteria were isolated by culturing and were confirmed by polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The parasitic causes studied using microscopic examination. To identify the cause of diarrhea 400 samples (200 from each district) were collected and processed for viral, bacterial and parasitic detection. The results showed that 91.1% of the samples were positive for one or more infectious agents. District wise results showed that the prevalence of more or more than infectious agents were higher in district Lahore (95.5%) as compared to district Sargodha which was 87.5%. The isolation of one or more than one infectious agents were higher in males it is 92.7% while were low in females which was 90.5%. The results showed that the prevalence of one or more than one infectious agents were higher in horses (92.4%) in comparision with donkey which was 87.8%. Experiment No. I: Investigation of Parasitic causes of Foal Diarrhea Fecal samples were preserved in 10% formalin and transported to the laboratory for diagnosis of parasites. The fecal samples from foals suffering from diarrhea were processed by using following parasitological examination. 4. Direct microscopic examination The sample negative with direct microscopic examination was examined using simple floatation examination. 5. Simple floatation examination The sample negative with Simple floatation examination was examined by using sedimentation floatation technique. 6. Sedimentation floatation Technique The sample negative by using Sedimentation technique was recorded as negative for parasites. The results show that 340 (85%) out of 400 samples were positive for one or more than one endo-parasites. The prevalence of endo-parasites was higher in district Sargodha it is 87.5% as compared to district Lahore, which was 82.5% (Table No.7). Gastrodiscus Spp were the higher prevalent endo-parasite and 308 (77%) (Table No. 10) of the samples were positive for Gastrodiscus Spp while the lowest prevalent endo-parasite was Anoplocephala spp with (3) 0.75% prevalence (Table No. 12). other helmenth such as Dictyocaulus Spp. (22.5%), Oxyuris Spp. (15.75%), Strongyloides Spp. (15.75%), Ascaris equorum (4.75), Tridontophorus Spp. (2%), Trichomena spp. (1.5%) Strongylus spp. (1.5%), and Paranoplocephala Spp. (5%) Experiment No. II: Molecular Diagnosis of Bacteria Causes of Foal Diarrhea The samples were culture for Salmonella, E.coli and Clostridium perfirengins on respective selective media and DNA was extracted from the culture. DNA was amplified by PCR and the bacteria were confirm using PCR. To diagnose Lasonia the DNA was extracted directly from fecal sample and were processed for lawsonia. The result show that 55% of the samples were positive for one or more than one type of bacteria. Maximum prevalence were observe of E. coli 48.75% and none of the sample were positive for lawsonia. The other isolated bacteria were Salmonella 18.24% and Clostridium perfiengens 18%. Experiment No. III: Investigation of Viral causes of Foal Diarrhea Foal suffering from diarrhea were screened and analyzed for presence of rotavirus by using commercially available ELISA kit The result of detection of rotavirus shows that rotavirus was detected in (70) 17.5% of the sample processed for the diagnosis of rotavirus. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2800-T] (1).

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